The second sudanese civil war was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central sudanese government and the sudan peoples liberation army. However, efforts to sustain an ethnic conflict narrative have been quickly countered by the argument that the south sudan government was a representation of diverse ethnic groups and that even after the december 20 crisis which saw a number of people arrested on the allegations of an attempted coup, the president did not spare those from his. After independence, that conflict was heightened since about 75 percent of sudan s oil is produced below the border that now separates the two countries, leaving the north with greatly reduced revenues. Resolution to ethnic conflict and civil war in south sudan. Less than a year after the old greater sudan split into the northern republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. Aug 23, 2016 south sudans current conflict leaves residents in desperate state nprs kelly mcevers speaks with justin lynch, a journalist in juba, south sudan, about the roots of the current conflict in. It is affecting uganda, kenya, ethiopia, and sudan and it is keeping regional rivalries alive that have other destabilizing consequences. Tar university of maiduguri, nigeria abstract for a number of years, darfur region in western sudan has been a scene of violent clashes between mainly sedentary farming communities of the three african ethnic groups fur. Governing south sudan national democratic institute.
Another set of conflicts, which has quickly led to violence, involves attempts to control. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. In 2003, the sudan liberation movementarmy slma and the justice and equality movement jem rebel groups took up arms against khartoum, protesting the political and economic marginalisation of the darfur region. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict eric. Nearly 90% of the country is buddhist, and most are members of the majority ethnic community known as burmans. Ethnic civil war is defined here as a conflict in which either or both sides are making explicit ethnic claims or a conflict in which ethnicity is the primary determining factor for how individuals normally side in the conflict. The case of south sudans agreement on the resolution of the. Introduction the equatorias the southern third of so uth sudan are tremendously diverse and host the countrys largest agriculturalist po pulations, though many different pastoralist groups also call the region home. Institute of peace, june 2011, filesresourcessr278. This paper argues that ethnic animosities and rivalry are a key. The impression is sometimes given that the darfur conflict is a result of a civil war which started in the south and eventually radiated to darfur, including notably the southern blue nile, eastern sudan, nuba mountains and abyie regions some of the most underdeveloped and marginalized regions of. Rose, helen keller middle school, world culturessocial studies, grade 7.
Between 16 and 18 december 20, more than 600, mainly ethnic. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict christa charbonneau kuntzelman, m. The international community can no longer ignore the violence and atrocities taking place in darfur. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Ocha is estimating there will be around 400,000 by the current crisis until the end of march. With the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not. Although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. This is a crosscutting dispute in different ethnic groups in southern sudan. It analyses how local, national and international dynamics around independence in july 2011 and the end of the sixandahalfyear formal comprehensive. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and. September 12, 2018, of the revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan, which received tepid acknowledgement from the united states and europe.
Sudans economy is basically agricultural, with inadequate infrastructure and ridden by civil wars and social and ethnic conflict. Mahimbo mdoe, unicefs representative in south sudan, believes the combination of conflict, rising levels of malnutrition and economic crisis inflation is at 830% has created a. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. Economic interests among the front line states such as kenya, uganda, ethiopia, and sudan have internationalized the conflict as evident by the post 20. The sudan is used as 1 example that applies to a broader region of.
In response, khartoum armed the janjaweed militias from arab affiliated ethnic groups. Dec 18, 2016 mahimbo mdoe, unicefs representative in south sudan, believes the combination of conflict, rising levels of malnutrition and economic crisis inflation is at 830% has created a. Traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution in southern sudan by dr. South sudan, civil war, power struggle, ethnic violence, international conflict. Enhanced investor due diligence for conflictaffected and. South sudan as regional pawn 2 the red sea arena 4 rebooting us policy to support conflict resolution and regional stability 5 conclusion 8 payton knopf south sudans civil war and conflict dynamics in the red sea summary the regional political and security dynamics that surround south sudans ongoing civil war.
The strength of the narrative is in trying to provide nuance. South sudan signed the safe schools declaration in june 2015. The impression is sometimes given that the darfur conflict is a result of a civil war which started in the south and eventually radiated to darfur, including notably the southern blue nile, eastern sudan, nuba mountains and abyie regions some of the most underdeveloped and marginalized regions of the sudan. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. Blood feud is the relationship that emerges from homicide within or outside the community. The genesis of the conflict was political, but the execution of the war, especially the targeted killings, the recruitment and deployment of the army quickly introduced ethnic elements to the conflict. However, some of the groups who face particula r deprivations are listed below. South sudan, one of the youngest country on the planet existed since 2011, after more than 40 years of war against sudan government.
Uncertainty, each ethnic conflict has its own unique characteristics and, in different contexts, some of these elements will be more prominent than the others, but all of them are the common denominators necessary for ethnic conflict to occur. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict kuntzelman 83 cause of southern sudan s current underdevelopment is rooted in this colonial history, as colonial preference was given to the arab regions of the north, where power and decisionmaking became centralized in the northern capital of khartoum. Sudan border, further increasing the fear that conflict in darfur has spread into chad. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement.
South sudans current conflict leaves residents in desperate state nprs kelly mcevers speaks with justin lynch, a journalist in juba, south sudan, about the roots of the current conflict in. Peace and conflict assessment of south sudan 2012 5 executive summary this report is an assessment of peace, conflict and peacebuilding in south sudan, conducted between june 2011 and march 2012. Pdf on jan 1, 20, lukong stella shulika and others published interethnic conflict in south sudan. Attacks on schools according to unicef, between the beginning of the conflict in late 20 and january 2016, violence destroyed more than 800 schools. Ethnic, or interethnic, conflict refers to disputes between contending groups who identify themselves primarily on the basis of ethnic criteria and who make group claims to resources on the basis. In dialogue with the scholarship on nationbuilding, ethnic exclusion and conflict, and ethnic migration, this study examines individual views on current and future interethnic relations. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and grazing land and is part of the wider sudanese nomadic. Disputes are often sharpened or even triggered by glaring social, political and economic inequalities, explosive conditions that are exacerbated by social conflict. The genesis of the conflict was political, but the execution of.
Recently, many janjaweed groups, including those incorporated into the sudanese. A political power struggle between south sudanese president salva kiir and former. What started as a political conflict in south sudan in december 20 has created a. South sudan and the emerging security implications for. People in south sudan requiring humanitarian assistance 2018 hrp december 2017 5. This is on lesson in a larger unit focusing on subsaharan africa. Cattle raids, attacks on traders, attacks on returnees and other violence may be indirectly related to sudansouth sudan dynamics, but the violence plays out on a local stage. Even before the start of the 2015 conflict, south sudan had some of the poorest health indicators for women and children in the world. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december. President idriss deby was elected to another term in office in may, however the. Despite some progress since 2006, the 2010 household survey showed that more than one child in 10 died before his or her fifth birthday. First, the high complexity of the sudanese conflict system with different. Conflict in myanmar the vast majority of the citizens of myanmar, a nation in southeast asia, are theravada buddhists. The sudan is used as 1 example that applies to a broader region of africa.
South sudan is home to more than 60 ethnic groups, with the dinka. Sudan is a poor country, despite its potential resources. South sudans current conflict leaves residents in desperate. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in december of 20, the characterization of the. Situation assessment of children and women in south sudan. It is an outsiders view and will no doubt, given the complexity of south sudan, be full of gaps and generalisations. Republic of the sudan jumhuriyat assudan commonly called sudan or assudan in arabic, the name derives from the arabic bilad assudan, meaning land of the black peoples. Ethnic violence in south sudan has a long history among south sudan s varied ethnic groups. Jacqueline wilson united states institute of peace. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts crisis group africa report n223, 29 january 2015 page ii it rapidly became a main theatre, characterised by protracted conflict over major towns and oil installations, mass atrocities and the confluence of multiple armed groups operating with their own agendas. Since 1982, search has led programs around the world to help societies trans.
An analysis of darfur crisis, western sudan usman a. South sudan has 64 tribes with the largest being the dinkas, who constitute about 35% of the population and predominate in government. Mass atrocities feared in south sudan as ethnic violence is. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in name only. Pdf with the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not. President idriss deby was elected to another term in office in may, however the legitimacy of the election is in question since opposition. On december 21, parties to south sudans conflict signed a coh, agreeing to cease all military action and to disengage. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. This study, based on 44 focus group discussions conducted from november 3november 28, 2011, with 545 participants across all 10 states in south sudan, asked south sudanese to explore the answer. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict.
It also seeks to emphasise the role of ethnic animosity as the main underlying. This is in addition to the preexisting caseload of 228,000 refugees in the conflict affected areas. Although it originated in southern sudan, the civil war spread to the nuba mountains and blue nile. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss. It was largely a continuation of the first sudanese civil war of 1955 to 1972. Sudan is located in northeast africa, bordering egypt, the red sea, eritrea, ethiopia, south sudan, central african republic, chad and libya.
Ethnic violence in south sudan has a long history among south sudans varied ethnic groups. John prendergast, omer ismail, and akshaya kumar august 20. Another impact on africa is that the conflict is just consuming a huge amount of diplomatic, political. Mass atrocities feared in south sudan as ethnic violence. South sudan global coalition to protect education from. At the time, the nyangatom were regarded the most wellarmed ethnic group in the region, a result of a substantial flow of automatic rifles into sudan during the civil war. Four factors in south sudans decentralisation debate 10 3.
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